现在的投资市场,一方面对美联储降息抱有强烈预期,试图为资产价格找到新的支撑;另一方面,以 AI 为代表的新兴产业在经历了初期的狂热后,其估值逻辑正在被反复修正和拷问。同时,国家之间持续的冲突为全球供应链和经济增长蒙上阴影。
在这样的大雾中,巴菲特这份看似老旧的股东信,反而像一座灯塔,其不变的原则恰恰是可以用来对抗当下不确定性的最佳武器。
投资如此,人生也是如此。
2021 股东来信第二部分:
Our Four Giants
Through Berkshire, our shareholders own many dozens of businesses. Some of these, in turn, have a collection of subsidiaries of their own.
我们的“四大支柱业务”
通过伯克希尔,股东们间接拥有数十家公司,其中不少公司自己又拥有庞大的子公司“家族”。
译注:
巴菲特所指的四大巨头包括:两家全资控股业务(保险、BNSF),一家控股的能源公司(BHE),以及对苹果的股权投资。
For example, Marmon has more than 100 individual business operations, ranging from the leasing of railroad cars to the manufacture of medical devices.
举个例子,Marmon 旗下就有一百多家独立经营单位,业务范围从铁路车厢租赁,一直到医疗器械制造,应有尽有。
译注:
伯克希尔自2008年起分期收购 Marmon(2013年完成全部股权交割)的多元制造集团,不属于上述四大。
• Nevertheless, operations of our “Big Four” companies account for a very large chunk of Berkshire’s value. Leading this list is our cluster of insurers.
尽管如此,我们的“四大支柱业务”,依然在伯克希尔整体价值中占了极大的比重。 排在第一的,就是我们的保险集团。
译注: 这四大中,苹果是股票好算些大概 1600 亿美元。BNSF Railway 按 20 倍估值大约 1200 亿,BHE 能源大概 630 亿,保险约 1900 亿。 四大合计大概占伯克希尔整体 70% 左右。
Berkshire effectively owns 100% of this group, whose massive float value we earlier described. The invested assets of these insurers are further enlarged by the extraordinary amount of capital we invest to back up their promises.
伯克希尔几乎 100% 拥有这个集团。 它庞大的承保浮存金规模,前面我已经说过。 除此之外,我们还投入了大量额外资本来兑现保险承诺,这让保险集团的可投资资产更加可观。
The insurance business is made to order for Berkshire. The product will never be obsolete, and sales volume will generally increase along with both economic growth and inflation. Also, integrity and capital will forever be important. Our company can and will behave well.
保险业务几乎是为伯克希尔量身定做的: 它的产品永不过时,销售规模通常会随着经济增长和通货膨胀一道上升。 而且,在这个行业里,诚信和资本永远是铁律——这两点,我们都具备,并且会一直保持。
译注:
分析到这,基本算是理解了低成本、大规模、长期可用的 float 的重要性,能够在长期属性、资本文化要求、以及伯克希尔的资金与文化基因上达成高度匹配。 从而把优点放到极致,变成它的核心竞争力。那么伯克希尔的保险是否和其他保险巨头有本质的差别?
- 业务类型更偏向长期型、定制型、巨灾/特殊风险类,所以赔付周期长。例如几十年的赔付承诺,甚至某些永续责任。
- 伯克希尔“独门秘籍”的典型代表:追溯再保险,也就是由再保险公司(比如伯克希尔)一次性收取一笔很大的保费,接手这些已经发生但尚未完全结算的赔付责任。这类保险存在几个特点:承保周期太长、对现金流压力大(一旦赔付所需现金很多)、需顶级定价和风险判断能力、信用与资本实力要求极高。而这些恰好都是伯克希尔的独特优势,而且全球仅有极少数保险公司有能力和意愿参与。
- 同样的独门秘籍还有巨灾及定制化再保险、结构化理赔、高额/特种直保和大规模个人直保。
伯克希尔的保险业务具有很强的特点,尤其是在阿吉特·贾因领导下的板块,其产品设计和业务选择是高度战略性的,它并非简单地参与一个“大宗商品”般的保险市场。利用独一无二的优势避开红海,并追求更大量的浮存金作为目标。在再保险与特种险上更具优势,并在可取得理性定价与长期资金优势处积极深耕;在价格竞争激烈、边际壁垒弱的细分领域如个人车险、小企业主保险、标准化的个人寿险与健康险等更加审慎。
There are, of course, other insurers with excellent business models and prospects. Replication of Berkshire’s operation, however, would be almost impossible.
当然,市场上也有很多保险公司,拥有出色的模式和前景。 但要把伯克希尔的这一整套玩法照搬过去? 几乎是不可能的事。
译注: 所以伯克希尔在商业模式上的结构上的独一无二:保险与投资的“联姻”、资本与信誉的“马太效应”,再结合再叠加理性与耐心的文化基因,二者与顶尖的保险能力相结合,造就了这一商业奇迹。
• Apple – our runner-up Giant as measured by its yearend market value – is a different sort of holding. Here, our ownership is a mere 5.55%, up from 5.39% a year earlier. That increase sounds like small potatoes. But consider that each 0.1% of Apple’s 2021 earnings amounted to 100 million. We spent no Berkshire funds to gain our accretion. Apple’s repurchases did the job.
苹果——按年末市值计算,是我们“巨头”阵容中的第二名——在我们的投资里,算是一种特别的存在。 我们持有苹果的股份只有 5.55%,比一年前的 5.39%略高一点。 增幅看起来微不足道,但别小看它: 以苹果 2021 年的盈利来说,每增加 0.1 个百分点的股权,就等于多出了 1 亿美元的利润。更妙的是,这点“增厚”我们一分钱都没掏,全靠苹果自己回购股票帮我们做到。
译注:
优质企业回购意义巨大,也是这笔投资从“优秀”走向“伟大”的关键催化剂。当然重点要理解巴菲特案例背后的逻辑:
- 选对企业:能在长期产生超额现金流且资本配置优秀,尤其是这里所说的是回购。
- 长期持有:让时间和企业的资本运作成为股东的朋友。
- 友好股东关系:优质公司愿意回购,能让股东的持股随时间更有价值。
- 少动作高回报:被动获得回报,不必时刻调仓交易
以选对拥有卓越资本配置能力的伟大企业为轴心,以长期主义为驱动力,以管理层的股东友好行为为润滑剂,最终收获坐享其成的复利增长。
It’s important to understand that only dividends from Apple are counted in the GAAP earnings Berkshire reports – and last year, Apple paid us 785 million of those. Yet our “share” of Apple’s earnings amounted to a staggering 5.6 billion. Much of what the company retained was used to repurchase Apple shares, an act we applaud. Tim Cook, Apple’s brilliant CEO, quite properly regards users of Apple products as his first love, but all of his other constituencies benefit from Tim’s managerial touch as well.
需要特别说明的是,伯克希尔在 GAAP(美国通用会计准则)口径下,只会把来自苹果的现金分红计入利润——去年这一项是 7.85 亿美元。 但如果按我们的持股比例算,我们“应享”的苹果利润,其实高达 56 亿美元。苹果留下的那部分盈利,大多又被用来回购自家股票,这让我们非常乐见。
苹果的 CEO 蒂姆·库克(Tim Cook)是一位出色的领导者。 他理所当然地把苹果用户当作“第一爱”, 但在他的管理下,其他所有利益相关方——股东、员工、合作伙伴——同样受益匪浅。
• BNSF, our third Giant, continues to be the number one artery of American commerce, which makes it an indispensable asset for America as well as for Berkshire. If the many essential products BNSF carries were instead hauled by truck, America’s carbon emissions would soar.
BNSF 是我们的第三大支柱,依旧是美国商业的首要动脉。 这让它不仅对伯克希尔至关重要,对美国同样如此。
如果 BNSF 运输的大量关键商品改由卡车来跑,美国的碳排放会立刻飙升。
Your railroad had record earnings of 6 billion in 2021. Here, it should be noted, we are talking about the old-fashioned sort of earnings that we favor: a figure calculated after interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and all forms of compensation.
BNSF 是我们的第三大支柱,也是美国商业的主干道——它的重要性不仅关乎伯克希尔,更关乎整个国家。 如果那些由 BNSF 运送的大量关键物资改由卡车运输,美国的碳排放会立刻蹿上天。2021 年,BNSF 赚了创纪录的 60 亿美元。这里我要说明,我们说的可不是那种“包装过的利润”,而是我最喜欢的老派实打实利润:扣掉利息、税费、折旧、摊销,还有各种形式的薪酬之后的那个净数。
(Our definition suggests a warning: Deceptive “adjustments” to earnings – to use a polite description – have become both more frequent and more fanciful as stocks have risen. Speaking less politely, I would say that bull markets breed bloviated bull . . ..)
顺便提一句,这个定义里其实藏着一个提醒——随着这几年股市一路飘红,“对利润的巧妙加工”(说得客气点)在财报里越来越常见,花样也是五花八门。 如果不那么客气,我会说:牛市,总会催生吹得天花乱坠的谎话。
BNSF trains traveled 143 million miles last year and carried 535 million tons of cargo. Both accomplishments far exceed those of any other American carrier. You can be proud of your railroad.
去年,BNSF 的列车总共跑了 1.43 亿英里,运输货物 5.35 亿吨。 这两项数字,都远远超过美国的任何其他运输商。
你完全可以为这家铁路公司感到自豪。
• BHE, our final Giant, earned a record 4 billion in 2021. That’s up more than 30-fold from the 122 million earned in 2000, the year that Berkshire first purchased a BHE stake. Now, Berkshire owns 91.1% of the company.
伯克希尔哈撒韦能源公司(BHE)是我们的第四位、也是最后一位“巨人”。 2021 年,它的盈利创下历史新高,达到 40 亿美元——而在 2000 年,也就是伯克希尔第一次买入 BHE 股权的那一年,这个数字只有 1.22 亿美元。 这二十多年,增长了30多倍。如今,伯克希尔持有 BHE 91.1% 的股权。
BHE’s record of societal accomplishment is as remarkable as its financial performance. The company had no wind or solar generation in 2000. It was then regarded simply as a relatively new and minor participant in the huge electric utility industry. Subsequently, under David Sokol’s and Greg Abel’s leadership, BHE has become a utility powerhouse (no groaning, please) and a leading force in wind, solar and transmission throughout much of the United States.
BHE 在社会层面的贡献,与它出色的财务表现同样令人瞩目。
2000 年,公司还没有任何风电或光伏发电业务,当时不过是庞大电力公用事业行业里,一家比较新、也比较不起眼的小玩家。 后来,在 David Sokol 和 Greg Abel 的带领下,BHE 发展成了公用事业领域的动力巨擘(这个双关,别皱眉),并且在美国的风能、太阳能和输电领域,占据了领军地位。
Greg’s report on these accomplishments appears on pages A-3 and A-4. The profile you will find there is not in any way one of those currently-fashionable “green-washing” stories. BHE has been faithfully detailing its plans and performance in renewables and transmissions every year since 2007.
Greg 对这些成果有一份更详细的报告,你可以在 A-3 到 A-4 页找到。 我要强调的是,你看到的绝不是那种时下流行的“绿色洗白”宣传。 自 2007 年起,BHE 就年复一年、实实在在地披露它在可再生能源与输电方面的规划和业绩。
To further review this information, visit BHE’s website at brkenergy.com. There, you will see that the company has long been making climate-conscious moves that soak up all of its earnings. More opportunities lie ahead. BHE has the management, the experience, the capital and the appetite for the huge power projects that our country needs.
想更深入了解这些内容,可以去看看 BHE 的网站:brkenergy.com。 在那里,你会看到,这家公司这些年来始终在做关注气候的布局,并且把赚到的每一分钱,都重新投入到了业务里。
未来,还有更多机会摆在它面前。 BHE 具备了我们国家在推进大型电力项目时所需要的一切:一流的管理团队、丰富的经验、充足的资本,以及干大事的决心。
Investments
Now let’s talk about companies we don’t control, a list that again references Apple. Below we list our fifteen largest equity holdings, several of which are selections of Berkshire’s two long-time investment managers, Todd Combs and Ted Weschler.
关于投资
接下来,我们聊聊那些我们并不控股的企业——其中,又一次会看到苹果的名字。
下面这张表是我们持有的十五大股票仓位。 其中有几项,是由伯克希尔的两位长期投资经理 Todd Combs 和 Ted Weschler 精心挑选的。
At yearend, this valued pair had total authority in respect to 34 billion of investments, many of which do not meet the threshold value we use in the table. Also, a significant portion of the dollars that Todd and Ted manage are lodged in various pension plans of Berkshire-owned businesses, with the assets of these plans not included in this table.
截至年末,这两位值得信赖的伙伴,全权管理着约 340 亿美元 的投资。 他们负责的一些项目,没有达到我们在表格中使用的披露门槛,所以表里看不到。另外,Todd 和 Ted 管理的资金中,还有一部分放在伯克希尔旗下企业的各类养老金计划里——这些资产也没有算进这张表。
省略了部分财务报表的数据摘录
U.S. Treasury Bills Berkshire’s balance sheet includes 144 billion of cash and cash equivalents (excluding the holdings of BNSF and BHE). Of this sum, 120 billion is held in U.S. Treasury bills, all maturing in less than a year. That stake leaves Berkshire financing about 1⁄2 of 1% of the publicly-held national debt.
美国国债
伯克希尔资产负债表列示 1,440 亿美元的现金及现金等价物(不含 BNSF 与 BHE 的持有部分)。其中 1,200 亿美元投向一年内到期的美国国库券;按这一规模,伯克希尔相当于为市场流通国债总额的约 0.5% 提供了资金。
译注:
1,440 亿美元的现金与等价物。此举的好处是安全性高、流动性强,并保留出手选择权。当然也说明市场缺乏伯克希尔认为的好投资机会。现在保持耐心是为了等到真正值得出手的机会出现,这些钱会第一时间冲上去。
Charlie and I have pledged that Berkshire (along with our subsidiaries other than BNSF and BHE) will always hold more than 30 billion of cash and equivalents. We want your company to be financially impregnable and never dependent on the kindness of strangers (or even that of friends). Both of us like to sleep soundly, and we want our creditors, insurance claimants and you to do so as well.
查理和我早就立下规矩:伯克希尔本部(加上除BNSF和BHE之外的所有子公司)账上现金和等价物,任何时候都要超过300亿美元。 我们要让这家公司财务上固若金汤,永远不需要仰仗陌生人——甚至朋友——的“善意”来度日。 我们俩要睡得安稳,也希望债权人、保险理赔方,以及你们这些股东,夜里同样可以放心睡觉。
But 144 billion? That imposing sum, I assure you, is not some deranged expression of patriotism. Nor have Charlie and I lost our overwhelming preference for business ownership.
至于账上那 1,440 亿美元的现金,请放心——它可不是某种失控的“爱国热血冲动”。查理和我对“拥有企业”的偏爱,分毫未减。
译注:
为何持有大量短期国库券?其中至少 300 亿美元是长期安全垫,原则上不动用。更重要的是,巴菲特自称是‘选企业的人’,现金只是工具,长期持有优秀企业股权才是核心。
现金和债券的价值会被通货膨胀不断侵蚀,而股权才能不断增长,从而抵御通胀,创造真实财富。
Indeed, I first manifested my enthusiasm for that 80 years ago, on March 11, 1942, when I purchased three shares of Cities Services preferred stock. Their cost was 114.75 and required all of my savings. (The Dow Jones Industrial Average that day closed at 99, a fact that should scream to you: Never bet against America.)
事实上,这份热情早在80年前就有了。1942年3月11日,我以全部积蓄——114.75美元——买下Cities Service公司的三股优先股,那是我人生第一次下水。(那一天,道琼斯工业平均指数收在99点。看到这个数字,你应该下意识地记住一条:永远不要和美国对赌。)
After my initial plunge, I always kept at least 80% of my net worth in equities.
自那一跳水之后,我一生至少有八成净资产都投在股票上。
译注:
巴菲特今天在股票上的耐心,更是他践行了八十多年的信条。
My favored status throughout that period was 100% – and still is. Berkshire’s current 80%-or-so position in businesses is a consequence of my failure to find entire companies or small portions thereof (that is, marketable stocks) which meet our criteria for longterm holding.
在这个阶段,我最舒服的投资状态始终是——满格、100%持股,直到今天也是如此。 眼下,伯克希尔大约有八成资金投在各类实际经营的企业里。 说实在的,这更多是因为我没能找到够格的标的——无论是收购整家公司,还是买它的一小部分(也就是上市股票)——来放进我们那“一旦买入就准备长期持有”的口袋名单里。
译注:
巴菲特的第一买入原则:长期目标是将尽可能多的资本配置到可长期持有的优秀企业股权上;如无满足标准的标的,则持有现金等待。
这个原则不是“如何买”,而是**“何时买,以及何时不买”** 。
那么长期持有是否意味着永远不卖呢?
- 巴菲特最近清仓了比亚迪。
- 也有可能判断出错时卖出。比如当初他投资的德克斯特鞋业。不卖就血本无归。
那么,这里巴菲特想要表达的是当且仅当遇到能长期持有的好企业,才把钱尽量放在企业上,否则老老实实拿现金等待。
Charlie and I have endured similar cash-heavy positions from time to time in the past. These periods are never pleasant; they are also never permanent. And, fortunately, we have had a mildly attractive alternative during 2020 and 2021 for deploying capital. Read on.
查理和我,时不时也会碰上现金堆得比我们愿意的还高的情况。这种日子,说不上愉快,但我们也清楚,它们不会持续太久。 好消息是,2020 年和 2021 年,我们碰巧找到了一处还算顺眼的资金去处。想知道是啥?往下看。
Share Repurchases
There are three ways that we can increase the value of your investment. The first is always front and center in our minds: Increase the long-term earning power of Berkshire’s controlled businesses through internal growth or by making acquisitions. Today, internal opportunities deliver far better returns than acquisitions. The size of those opportunities, however, is small compared to Berkshire’s resources.
股份回购
提升您手中伯克希尔股票价值的方法有三条。 第一种选择,也是我们最放在心上的,就是增强我们控股企业的长期盈利能力——靠的是内部增长,或者收购新业务。 目前来看,内部机会的回报率,比我们能找到的大多数收购案都要好得多。 只是,以伯克希尔如今的财力,这些机会的规模,终究显得小了点。
Our second choice is to buy non-controlling part-interests in the many good or great businesses that are publicly traded. From time to time, such possibilities are both numerous and blatantly attractive. Today, though, we find little that excites us.
我们的第二种选择,是在一批好到卓越的上市公司里,买下一部分非控股的股份。 有时候,这类机会又多又漂亮——一看就想伸手去够。 可眼下,说实话,我们很少能遇到让我们心里发热的标的。
That’s largely because of a truism: Long-term interest rates that are low push the prices of all productive investments upward, whether these are stocks, apartments, farms, oil wells, whatever. Other factors influence valuations as well, but interest rates will always be important.
主要原因还是那条老掉牙但经得起检验的定律:长期利率低的时候,所有的生产性资产——不管是股票、写字楼、公寓、农场还是油井——价格都会跟着往上飘。 估值当然还会受到其他因素的影响,但利率的重要性,永远摆在第一位。
译注:
低利率相当于估值的顺风,会整体抬升各类资产价格。这是巴菲特几十年的市场观察总结出来的规律,也是金融世界中最接近‘物理定律’的经验性规律。
那么问题来了,最近几年期间美联储将利率提升至高位,应该对资产价格产生巨大的下行压力。但为什么股市等资产似乎依然坚挺,甚至在某些阶段上涨呢?
- 企业盈利与经济韧性,尤其是科技巨头。
- 对降息的预期
- 市场对未来的预期和 AI 新增长的故事
以至于人们对于未来的盈利前景和宏观环境(降息)是如此确定,以至于愿意在此刻就忽略高利率的负面影响,并提前支付一个非常高的价格。
那么,当前的价格是否就已经体现了对美好未来的定价呢?
Our final path to value creation is to repurchase Berkshire shares. Through that simple act, we increase your share of the many controlled and non-controlled businesses Berkshire owns. When the price/value equation is right, this path is the easiest and most certain way for us to increase your wealth.
我们为股东创造价值的第三种选择,是回购伯克希尔自家的股票。 这事儿说起来简单,其实效果很直接:等于是增加了你在伯克希尔一大堆控股和非控股企业里的那份“蛋糕切片”。 当价格和价值的算式合得上,这是我们能找到的最容易、也最确定的帮你增厚财富的方法。
译注:
所以这三大武器构成伯克希尔跨周期复利的‘操作系统’:收购与内生增长成为所有者,购买公开交易的股票成为伙伴,回购伯克希尔的股票投资自己。
从而根据所处的不同阶段,自动切换主导武器,从而将市场波动从风险转化为机遇,将主动权牢牢掌握在自己手中。
当然也带来了大家看到的企业回报会出现跳跃而非均匀的节奏。
(Alongside the accretion of value to continuing shareholders, a couple of other parties gain: Repurchases are modestly beneficial to the seller of the repurchased shares and to society as well.)
除了让长期持有的股东受益以外,还有两类人也能从回购中得到好处: 一类是把股票卖回给伯克希尔的股东,另一类是整个社会——回购对他们也多少有点裨益。
译注:
为什么企业回购对社会有好处?
企业是社会新陈代谢的关键角色,企业将闲置资本从低效处释放出来,交由市场去寻找最具活力的所在,从而提升整个社会的资本配置效率。让资本待在回报最高的地方,减少浪费,顺带贡献税收。
Periodically, as alternative paths become unattractive, repurchases make good sense for Berkshire’s owners. During the past two years, we therefore repurchased 9% of the shares that were outstanding at yearend 2019 for a total cost of 51.7 billion. That expenditure left our continuing shareholders owning about 10% more of all Berkshire businesses, whether these are wholly-owned (such as BNSF and GEICO) or partly-owned (such as Coca-Cola and Moody’s).
当其他用钱的门路都不够吸引人时,回购就成了对伯克希尔股东来说明智的选择。 在过去两年里,我们因此花了 517 亿美元,回购了相当于 2019 年底已发行股份 9% 的股票。 结果就是,留下的股东如今在伯克希尔各种业务里的持股比例——不管是全资的(像 BNSF、GEICO),还是部分持股的(像 Coca-Cola、Moody’s)——都提高了大约 10%。
译注:
2021 年的伯克希尔市值大概不到 8 千亿,每年净利润 900 亿美金。 相当于每年回购了 260 亿美金。
2025 年的腾讯接近一万亿美金,2024 年净利润 273 亿美金,按照香港港交所规定,除去四次业绩发布前 21 个交易日不能回购,目前每天回购 5.5 亿港币的话大概一年可以回购 913 亿港元约 117.3 亿美元。看来大鹅还可以加大一些回购?
I want to underscore that for Berkshire repurchases to make sense, our shares must offer appropriate value. We don’t want to overpay for the shares of other companies, and it would be value-destroying if we were to overpay when we are buying Berkshire. As of February 23, 2022, since yearend we repurchased additional shares at a cost of 1.2 billion.
我要再强调一次:我们只有在自家股票价格合理时才会回购。 我们不会为任何公司的股票付过高溢价,如果连买自家股票都出价太高,那简直是在自己身上砸坑。
截至 2022 年 2 月 23 日,今年我们已经额外投入 12 亿美元 用作回购。
Our appetite remains large but will always remain price-dependent.
我们的“胃口”依然很大,但永远取决于价格是否合适。
It should be noted that Berkshire’s buyback opportunities are limited because of its high-class investor base. If our shares were heavily held by short-term speculators, both price volatility and transaction volumes would materially increase. That kind of reshaping would offer us far greater opportunities for creating value by making repurchases.
有一点值得说明:伯克希尔的回购机会,其实因为我们那批“高质量股东”而受到限制。 要是短线投机客持股很多,股价波动和成交量都会大得多——那样我们靠回购来为你创造价值的机会也会多不少。
Nevertheless, Charlie and I far prefer the owners we have, even though their admirable buy-and-keep attitudes limit the extent to which long-term shareholders can profit from opportunistic repurchases.
不过,查理和我还是更喜欢我们现在的股东阵容。 他们那种“买了就长期持有”的好习惯,虽然让我们难得有机会用低价回购来让长期股东占便宜,但这是我们最珍惜的投资文化。
Finally, one easily-overlooked value calculation specific to Berkshire: As we’ve discussed, insurance “float” of the right sort is of great value to us. As it happens, repurchases automatically increase the amount of “float” per share.
最后,还有一件经常被忽略、但对伯克希尔来说很独特的事,正如前面说的,那种质量过硬的保险“浮存金”对我们非常宝贵,而回购股份,能顺带自动提高每一股对应的浮存金额。
译注:
巴菲特教我们作为企业的主人去思考:浮存金/每股(Float per share)这个指标,正是衡量当你作为股东,你的每一股股票背后有多少“免费”的资本在为你工作的绝佳标尺。
也就是说:每一股股票,现在都绑定了更多的、可以产生投资收益的无息资本。那么一次理性的回购,会自动放大每一位留存股东对这个核心“金融引擎”的控制权和收益权。
这就是是伯克希尔特有的杠杆放大器:既放大了资本规模,又是低成本甚至成本为负的资本。也正是巴菲特提醒容易被忽视的价值计算。
That figure has increased during the past two years by 25% – going from 79,387 per “A” share to 99,497, a meaningful gain that, as noted, owes some thanks to repurchases.
过去两年间,该数字增长了 25%,每股“A”类股份的账面价值由 79,387 美元升至 99,497 美元。正如前文所述,这一亮眼的增幅在一定程度上得益于公司回购股份。